Learning Curve
Learning Curve
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Quarks: They Make up (a lot of) The Universe
Hello! I'm back!!
In this video I’m going to look at Quarks, and their relationship with the matter of the universe.
Ok so lets start off with matter. This is the stuff that makes up much of the visible universe. Matter is made from atoms, and atoms are made from protons and neutrons collected in the nucleus, and electrons in a sort of cloud around the nucleus. If we look more closely at the protons and neutrons, we find that they are in turn made up of even more fundamental particles called quarks, but what are quarks.
Quarks are part of the standard model of particle physics, which we can see here, and there are 6 types of quark, and we call the different types flavours. The 6 flavours are, Up, down, top, bottom, strange and charm. Up, down and strange are grouped together as they are lighter, and the top, bottom and charm are grouped together as they are heavier.
Demonstration of spin ½ by Lloyd Watts
ua-cam.com/video/JFSU9X11wyY/v-deo.html
My Vacuum Decay video
ua-cam.com/video/1zDzbXbt7Hc/v-deo.html
Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0:20 What is matter?
0:55 The Standard Model of Particles
1:25 What are Quarks?
2:30 Electric Charge
3:45 Spin
5:00 Weak Force & Gravity
5:40 Strong Force
6:05 Colour Charge
7:20 Mesons
8:50 Baryons
11:30 Gluons
13:00 Valence & Sea Quarks
14:45 Tetraquarks
15:55 Pentaquarks
Переглядів: 12 031

Відео

What Holds the Universe Together? The Fundamental Forces
Переглядів 93 тис.10 місяців тому
The universe is a wondrous place, but what makes it all tick. What holds it all together and stops everything from just flying off into… well space. In this video I’m going to have a beginners guide look at the fundamental forces that hold the universe together. Let’s find out more. There are a number of fundamental forces, or interactions as they tend to be called, and I’m going to take each o...
Einstein and Mercury: How the Orbit of Mercury Proved Einstein was Right
Переглядів 15 тис.Рік тому
The orbit of the planet Mercury is a bit strange and doesn’t act exactly as expected. This was such a problem, that we even invented another planet to account for its weird orbit. In fact it is this strangeness that provided evidence that Einstein was right all along. Let’s find out more. The orbit of Mercury doesn’t act like we expect it to, it has a rate of precession that is higher than expe...
kilonova: When Neutron Stars Collide
Переглядів 156 тис.Рік тому
We all know that neutron stars are pretty extreme stellar phenomena, but what would happen if two of them ever collided? Welcome to the strange world of the kilonova. Let’s find out more. Kilonovas get their names from the fact that they are 1000 times brighter than a nova. This does mean that they are about 1 tenth to 1 hundredth the brightness of a supernova, and because of how they form they...
Measuring the Speed of Light Throughout History
Переглядів 80 тис.Рік тому
Not only am I a lover of science, but I’m also very interested in the history of science and so I wanted to do an occasional series on some of our most important scientific breakthroughs and discoveries. For the first in this series I want to look at the speed of light, how we first measured it, and how we measure it today. Let's find out more. Before we start let us look at what the speed of l...
The Size of the Universe: In Stages
Переглядів 348 тис.Рік тому
I’ve looked at the very small scale of the universe, what about if I go the other way and have a look at the large scale of the universe, what is out there? Lets find out more. I’m going to start off with the SI base unit of length, the metre. I’ll try and do as many conversions to imperial units as I can, but I’ll stop once we get to light years. I’m going to go up in scale looking at both the...
The Planck Density: The Density of the Early Universe
Переглядів 167 тис.Рік тому
I’ve looked at quite a few of the Planck base units, and I’ve even worked them out mathematically, but today I’m going to look at one of the derived units and I’ll compare it to some other things to see how big or small this is. Today then I’m going to be looking at the Planck Density. Let’s find out more. Before we start, we need to know what density is. Density is a measure of how tightly pac...
Strange Matter: So Stable it's Contagious
Переглядів 542 тис.Рік тому
Now in glorious 4K vision! Today we are going to look at a particularly strange form of matter, literally called strange matter, and it’s contagious. It’s so stable that all matter in the universe might want to be strange. Let’s find out more. First let’s think about matter. What we call normal matter, although we don’t even call it normal matter, we just call it matter, is made from atoms and ...
Calculating the Planck Units
Переглядів 33 тис.Рік тому
I’ve looked at a number of the Planck units, comparing them to other things, and it was lots of fun, but now I want to now look at where these units come from and how they came to be derived. Let’s find out more. This is going to be a very maths-ey video, and because I always wanted to make videos accessible to everyone I’m going to spend the first part of the video explaining some of the mathe...
How Vacuum Decay could Destroy the Universe
Переглядів 100 тис.Рік тому
I’ve looked at some of the scariest things in the universe, from black holes, to Thorne-Zytkow objects to Magnetars, but the horror of these things all pale into insignificance when compared to the innocuously titled vacuum decay. Let’s find out more. If quantum tunnelling occurred with the Higgs field this would create a little bubble of universe where the Higgs field was at a lower energy lev...
Magnetars: Neutron Stars but Scarier!
Переглядів 1,4 млнРік тому
There are many extreme objects in the universe we live in, but today I’m going to look at a dead star that would literally rip you apart. Welcome to the strange and deadly world of magnetars, neutron stars but scarier. Let’s find out more. Magnetars are neutron stars which have immense magnetic fields. These are similar to other neutron stars but there are some significant differences that we’l...
Kepler 186f: A Planet in the Habitable Zone?
Переглядів 60 тис.Рік тому
It’s time to go off on our travels again, and this time we’re going to pay a visit to a star system which has not just one but multiple planets, and one of them happens to lie in the habitable zone of the star. We’re going to Kepler 186, let’s find out more. Located about 582 light years away we find our star of interest. If you want to see it from earth, you’d have to point yourself at the con...
The Planck Mass: Not extremely big and not extremely small
Переглядів 237 тис.Рік тому
I’ve looked at most of the Planck units. Planck length which is really tiny, Planck time which is really short and Planck temperature which is really hot, but there is one I’ve been sort of putting off, and that is Planck mass, which is kind of strange, let’s find out more. Unlike my other Planck unit videos we don’t need to try to use our imaginations to visualise how big or small this is beca...
What turns a bee into a Queen? The epigenetics of bee development
Переглядів 11 тис.Рік тому
Worker bees and the queen bee are virtually genetically identical, however there are massive difference between these two types of bee. So what is the reason for this. The answer to this question is something called epigenetics. This is the way that organisms decide which genes to use and which to not use. In this video I’m going to introduce the concepts involved in epigenetics and how it work...
How many moons does the Earth have?
Переглядів 29 тис.Рік тому
So we all know that the earth has just 1 moon right? Well the actual number of moons that the earth has might be a little bit more complicated than that. Before we start, it’s important to make sure we have a definition of the term moon. I’m going to say that a moon is a natural satellite that orbits a planet, dwarf planet or other solar system body. Moon is actually a bit of a colloquial term ...
Chronostasis: When time appears to freeze!
Переглядів 23 тис.Рік тому
Chronostasis: When time appears to freeze!
Kepler 10b: Hot Exoplanet Facts
Переглядів 8 тис.Рік тому
Kepler 10b: Hot Exoplanet Facts
Kepler 452b - Habitable zone exoplanet
Переглядів 10 тис.2 роки тому
Kepler 452b - Habitable zone exoplanet
Genetics - How does inheritance work: Monohybrid Inheritance
Переглядів 3 тис.2 роки тому
Genetics - How does inheritance work: Monohybrid Inheritance
Planck Time - The shortest measure of time
Переглядів 615 тис.2 роки тому
Planck Time - The shortest measure of time
Huntington's Disease: The Science of a genetic disorder
Переглядів 8 тис.2 роки тому
Huntington's Disease: The Science of a genetic disorder
Optical Illusions - Motion binding & Colour constancy
Переглядів 9 тис.2 роки тому
Optical Illusions - Motion binding & Colour constancy
The Planck Temperature: How hot can the Universe get?
Переглядів 1,3 млн2 роки тому
The Planck Temperature: How hot can the Universe get?
What is Phenylketonuria?
Переглядів 10 тис.2 роки тому
What is Phenylketonuria?
Epsilon Eridani: 2 planets? and 2 asteroid belts
Переглядів 17 тис.2 роки тому
Epsilon Eridani: 2 planets? and 2 asteroid belts
What is the role of DNA
Переглядів 7 тис.3 роки тому
What is the role of DNA
Project Daedalus: Our 1970s mission to the stars
Переглядів 29 тис.3 роки тому
Project Daedalus: Our 1970s mission to the stars
WISE 0855 - Rogue Planet?
Переглядів 6 тис.3 роки тому
WISE 0855 - Rogue Planet?
Luhman 16 - The closest Brown Dwarfs to Earth
Переглядів 20 тис.3 роки тому
Luhman 16 - The closest Brown Dwarfs to Earth
HD 108236 - Four exoplanets discovered by High school students | Exoplanet news 2021
Переглядів 4,7 тис.3 роки тому
HD 108236 - Four exoplanets discovered by High school students | Exoplanet news 2021

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @JohnJones-tx6rt
    @JohnJones-tx6rt 22 години тому

    Some annoying incoherent explanations pepper this otherwise apparantly acceptable account. For example, the 2nd release of neutrinos in a stars collapse "the star needs to get rid of all this energy". You mean the fitrst release of neutrino's wasn't good enough? And why does a star "need" to get rid of energy? Stars don't have purposes or goals. It's all the same to nature whether there is a star or a pile of bloody rubble. Check your text and get it sorted.

  • @n20games52
    @n20games52 День тому

    Instead of being paid by the hour, I wish I was paid by the planck time. Enjoyed the video!

  • @RealKittenpluto
    @RealKittenpluto День тому

    This animation is so good

  • @johnluffman7954
    @johnluffman7954 День тому

    Our time space machine looks like a coffin.

  • @JungleJargon
    @JungleJargon День тому

    General relativity changes the measures of time and distance so that gravity slows down the rate of causation.

  • @simo9445tsns
    @simo9445tsns День тому

    Great video, welcome back

  • @benjaminwasfound2
    @benjaminwasfound2 День тому

    SO you're telling me our real world have FPS cap?

  • @X1Hate
    @X1Hate 2 дні тому

    I am glad you are back. I hope you are paid handsomely for these videos.

  • @user-ue3yz6tr3u
    @user-ue3yz6tr3u 3 дні тому

    My Bad breath(halitosis)smell from stomach that i suffered for 7years is permanently cured.Thanks to Alternative treatment & diet tips on Dr ohanon❤❤

  • @alligatorpc
    @alligatorpc 3 дні тому

    Superconducting lasagna

  • @bsmith577
    @bsmith577 3 дні тому

    Space

  • @sirpwnsalotiii781
    @sirpwnsalotiii781 4 дні тому

    Baits with a Doomsdayesque title, then explains why its not lol. Made a whole video just to talk in a circle and show that the scenario couldn't happen.

  • @the.way.123
    @the.way.123 7 днів тому

    Absolute rubbish

    • @NightshadeX85
      @NightshadeX85 3 дні тому

      how so ?

    • @the.way.123
      @the.way.123 2 дні тому

      Eric Dollard and Ken Wheeler has real knowledge... Eric Dollard light speed.... is a good video to start

    • @NightshadeX85
      @NightshadeX85 2 дні тому

      @@the.way.123 Oh, the two conspiracy theorists ?

    • @the.way.123
      @the.way.123 2 дні тому

      @NightshadeX85 hahaha. enjoy your life.

    • @NightshadeX85
      @NightshadeX85 День тому

      @@the.way.123 I will. Don't let me know when you reach peak stupidity.

  • @jimsaaricederborg7926
    @jimsaaricederborg7926 7 днів тому

    Really good graphics & animations. Good work.

  • @christianduval8374
    @christianduval8374 7 днів тому

    We need a vid about the history of electron orbits & orbitals

  • @landonhayes7531
    @landonhayes7531 8 днів тому

    Lead is the densest stable element? Is Gold not stable, and what about Osmium?

  • @torbjorneriksson9304
    @torbjorneriksson9304 9 днів тому

    So informative and very nicely written, narrated and explained. I loved it! 👍👍👍

  • @gusthecutie
    @gusthecutie 11 днів тому

    I learned a lot in the first 3 minutes

  • @pedersonjason5256
    @pedersonjason5256 12 днів тому

    Grey goo theory.

  • @bijoychandraroy
    @bijoychandraroy 13 днів тому

    I think I've seen this once, welp, not complaining though

  • @deandeann1541
    @deandeann1541 13 днів тому

    So what do you get when you take a Planck mass and compress it to the Planck density while raising it to the Planck temperature? Some units would cancel I think, but I'm too old for the math at this point so I am left with guessing. Maybe what you get is a Boltzman brain?

  • @scottjones7948
    @scottjones7948 13 днів тому

    Would the magnetic field lines actually be visible from a relatively close distance, like in the graphic?

  • @MostlyPennyCat
    @MostlyPennyCat 13 днів тому

    Maybe there's a shell of protons outside the neutrons because proteins are heavier? So the neutrons 'float' on top of the protons. Because gravity is indistinguishable from acceleration. So it's like a sea on the inside of the star

  • @ppmnox
    @ppmnox 15 днів тому

    so much better without the background music. truly appreciate your craft and the way in which you describe the universe. welcome back!

  • @Alex.Perry.
    @Alex.Perry. 15 днів тому

    Jokes on science I am already strange as hell and am immune 🎉🎉🎉

  • @ppmnox
    @ppmnox 15 днів тому

    I really enjoy these videos, but I firmly believe that they'd be better without the background music.

  • @zobko
    @zobko 16 днів тому

    I've just discovered your channel. I love the short and comprehensive format ☺️💕

  • @jdalton4552
    @jdalton4552 16 днів тому

    I believe Einstein was wrong. Dewey Larson's Reciprocal System teaches that time is three dimensional and this is the real cause of the advance of the perihelion. The calculation is in my book, The Physics Rebellion.

  • @manuellorena1322
    @manuellorena1322 16 днів тому

    Very interesting video. I learned a lot! Thanks

  • @jeffsiegwart
    @jeffsiegwart 16 днів тому

    Great presentation.

  • @caballoctresdcuatro
    @caballoctresdcuatro 18 днів тому

    Almost death itself, how are you scared of that, it is silly.

  • @jay31415
    @jay31415 19 днів тому

    6:00 "However, it is believed they [relative observers] will always agree on the size of the planck length" This example is really misleading. You could have just as well said "they will always agree on the size of 1 meter". There's nothing special about planck length with lorentz contraction. The only reason your example is "technically correct" is because "the planck length" is a length, not an object.

  • @jhe9521
    @jhe9521 19 днів тому

    many thanks for flavour vs colour info ❀ but especially for dyspraxic-friendly presentation for half spin ☆

  • @rnb2827
    @rnb2827 20 днів тому

    This is all sci-fi that can't be proven but told to us as if its facts

  • @jhe9521
    @jhe9521 20 днів тому

    am assuming gravity splits from unified force first because 'big bang' kicked its butt, and your explanation for weak force and electromagnetism remaining an electroweak interaction for the given length of time totally makes sense, but why isn't strong force the most resistant to expansion? ...after asking google 101 related questions, i finally found out that people working on grand unification theory believe electroweak interaction split from strong nuclear force, not the other way round nb: if a singularity (initial or otherwise) simultaneously has mass but no space/time, it must be utterly unstable ~ for primeval atom to exist, something has to stabilize that otherwise contradictory stuff & something has to give it room... maybe dark matter, said to be as old as the universe, is both created by the interactions of such unstable stuff, & is what allows it to become stable ...albeit briefly; dark energy may have been nature's response to a too-cramped 'stability', hence the 'big bang' (& coalescence being enough to trigger a second bout of dark expansion ?) a unified theory would then need to include space/time and electroweak interaction, and the ensuing dark matter, gravity, and strong nuclear force, plus the resultant dark energy if it wants to explain both the big bang and the expanding universe i think 😉 (yay or nay, we're gonna need to grab us a bit of s/t !)

  • @AceofDlamonds
    @AceofDlamonds 20 днів тому

    nice graphics by the way. the stars look really cool.

  • @arlyndelossantos1786
    @arlyndelossantos1786 20 днів тому

    Am I strange?

  • @BrittneyWard-pf8lp
    @BrittneyWard-pf8lp 20 днів тому

    Don't let magnetto whach this

  • @sovereign254
    @sovereign254 21 день тому

    How very wonderful, complex, and unexplainable the universe is. You just know everything we know about neutron stars and magnetars is but a fraction of a percent of all there is to know about them.

  • @jhe9521
    @jhe9521 21 день тому

    love that people in poor town get to clear their debts ...& that the hotel manager not only lost deposit (which wasn't his yet anyway) but also the money from previous guest (who obviously can't be asked to pay twice!) ☆ ...serves him right! & the god paradox ☆ ...very helpful :)

  • @jhe9521
    @jhe9521 21 день тому

    liked explanation for pinocchio effect ✓ & clumsy kids ✓ but hated image used for body homunculus X

  • @gogoscorner1111
    @gogoscorner1111 22 дні тому

    I have soul ties to Epsilon Eridania and this was the most amazing video ever! 😊

  • @thatbeme
    @thatbeme 23 дні тому

    😊

  • @ninotocka
    @ninotocka 24 дні тому

    Ah yes, the purr of stars 🐱

  • @bristolfashion4421
    @bristolfashion4421 25 днів тому

    It is funny to consider our learning curve… as we career at speed towards extinction we see that we simply not capable of enough cooperation to deal with the issue in time! Thus we no better than chimp, or bird or worm - in fact, it turn out - a whole lot worse… oh dear 😢

  • @user-ms5ex9oy2r
    @user-ms5ex9oy2r 27 днів тому

    It wasn't easy tho, the struggle's real.I got cured with Diet tips & Alternative medicine for Bad breath smell from stomach & Tonsillitis at DrOhanon🍀🍀

  • @kenp2392
    @kenp2392 28 днів тому

    Merge together is redundant, but still an excellent presentation.

  • @RayMapa73
    @RayMapa73 28 днів тому

    M types are Stars that fuse Hydrogen (aka not a brown dwarf)

  • @MisterTutor2010
    @MisterTutor2010 28 днів тому

    I thought that quarks and neutrinos had no size since they are elementary particles.